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''For the defunct "Ural Automobiles and Motors" see Amur (company)'' The Urals Automotive Plant, Open Stock Company, ((ロシア語:Ура́льский автомоби́льный заво́д, УралАЗ); Uralskiy Avtomobilnyi Zavod, UralAZ) is a major Russian manufacturer of off-road trucks under the Ural (Cyrillic: "Урал") brand; part of the GAZ group. Located in the city of Miass, Chelyabinsk Oblast in the Ural Mountains, the plant was established in 1941, when the ZiS truck plant was evacuated from Moscow during World War II. ==History== In the fall of 1941, Soviet leaders decided to build a plant for the manufacture of military trucks named after Stalin : ZIS in Miass, Chelyabinsk Oblast in the Urals. Since April 1942, the factory has produced engines and gearboxes. On July 8, 1944 the first truck ZIS-5V was built under the brand UralZIS. The new factory became the Ural branch of ZIS UralZIS and was named after Stalin. At the end of the war, the ZIS-5 was considered simple and robust, and remained in production for many more years. In 1947, while in Moscow factories started to manufacture other newer models. UralZIS continued to make the obsolete model 31, and had to constantly upgrade. In 1946, the production version of the gas-21A UralZIS 2.5t started and in 1952 it was equipped with a gas reservoir of 90 kg. The truck was produced under the brand UralZIS-352. In 1949, the 5th version of UralZIS was equipped with hydraulic brakes. A new model, the UralZIS-355, was released in 1956. However, in 1958, the new version of the ancient ZIS-5 was presented for deliveries to Kazakhstan, and remained in production until October 16, 1963, as an AMO-3 bypass Fiat, which in 1931 and had been manufactured continuously for 32 years. The scientific institute of automotive standardization of Moscow had been working on a new SUV. Production of this type of truck has been assigned to the Ural factory – UralAZ – who got the brand new Ural. In the early 1960s factory had been rebuilt since 1961 and the performance of series production vehicle Ural-375 (6x6) 5 t, for the army has intensified. For this truck, a new engine was developed ZIL-375 HP 6959 cm3 V8 gasoline with aluminum cylinder head, block and pistons. The 1960s were a period of great success for the brand UralAZ, which won, for its quality products in large quantities, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. UralAZ celebrated a total production of 530,000 trucks and 1.3 mln engines. In 1972 and 1975 the two vehicles appeared Ural-375H-377H and the Ural. The manufacture of 6x4 versions continued until 1983. In 1977, a new 5-tonne truck Ural-4320 was created. KamAZ petrol engine replaced the Ural-375-740 V8 diesel KamAZ (10852 cm3, 210HP). In 1981, based on a 4320 model truck 8 t the Ural-5920 was presented with a Caterpillar engine. In 1987, UralAZ celebrated its millionth truck. Governmental industry reorganisation and economic reforms forced UralAZ to become a private limited company and turn to the production of civilian vehicles. Thus models 43204 and 55571 emerged. Since June 1992 production of 6 t truck Ural-4322 (6x6) started with a new more contemporary cabin. It was equipped with the Ural-744 air cooled V8 engine with an output of 234 HP, diesel Kustanay (KDZ), a manufacturer of Deutz engines under license. A fire occurred in the spring of 1993 at the engine plant KamAZ and has seriously disrupted production. As a result, the company had to search for other engine suppliers. UralAZ was traditionally oriented only to Russian companies, but began a collaboration with the Italian manufacturer Iveco in 1992. The first fruit of this joint venture model was presented in May of that year, which is the UralAZ-330-18t Iveco 30ANW (6x6) with a 306 HP, air-cooled diesel engine. Its Iveco chassis is imported. The creation of the JV-UralAZ IVECO in 1994 allowed the small series production of the range of previously imported heavy trucks. The production of advanced IVECO cabins began in 1997. UralAZ, like all Russian manufacturers, traditionally maintains a wide range for military off-road drive permanent. Besides the military versions of 43,206 trucks (4x4) and 4320-31 (6x6), UralAZ continuous production of 9 t trucks Ural-5323 (8x8). Since 1997, military vehicles also provide the basis for civilian versions – universal frame of 15-t 53236 for the installation of special equipment. The truck 5323-22 (8x8) has cabins and advanced IVECO IVECO engine with two berths. That same year the 6301 chassis (6x6) was presented with a payload of 10 t with the same cabin. As desired by the buyer, it is possible to install a V6 diesel engine Deutz liquid cooled with a capacity of 272,240 HP, the KamAZ-740.et gearboxes UralAZ, Eaton and Fuller . Currently, the future of UralAZ is closely related to the creation of new models. UralAZ has a production capacity of 30,000 trucks. Depending on the evolution of the Russian market, production was reduced to 7,000, then 5,400. In 1998, UralAZ sold only 2,489 chassis and the factory came under the procedure of bankruptcy. In 2000, the manufacturer expects 8,500 vehicles. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ural Automotive Plant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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